Variación en la coloración y los patrones del pelaje en los felinos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33064/iycuaa201771611Palabras clave:
patrones, melanismo, leucismo, albinismo, Felidae, patrón ancestralResumen
La familia Felidae, representada por 37 especies, presenta alta diversidad de patrones en su pelaje: liso, rosetas, rayas o manchas. En este trabajo se abordan diferentes aspectos de la evolución, función y variaciones en los patrones del pelaje de los felinos. La teoría más aceptada de la coloración de su pelaje asume que el patrón ancestral es un pelaje manchado. Actualmente, estos patrones se distribuyen en 22 especies con manchas, dos con rayas horizontales, dos con rayas verticales y seis presentan coloración uniforme. También presentan tonalidades atípicas como el melanismo (exceso de melanina) caracterizado por un pelaje obscuro –carácter benéfico– y el albinismo y leucismo (deficiencia de melanina) donde presentan una coloración blanca –carácter perjudicial–. Estas variaciones en el color y en los patrones del pelaje están estimuladas por la diversidad del hábitat y comportamiento, que tienen un papel importante en
la comunicación, camuflaje y funciones fisiológicas de los felinos.
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