Cultivo de tejidos vegetales y mutagénesis inducida: una estrategia para el desarrollo de plantas tolerantes a salinidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33064/iycuaa2022853315Palabras clave:
Mutación, estrés salino, estrés abiótico, cultivo in vitro, NaCl, selección in vitroResumen
La salinidad es uno de los principales factores que causa pérdidas en los cultivos hasta un 50%, lo cual pone en riesgo la seguridad alimentaria mundial. Durante la evolución, las plantas han adquirido mecanismos de defensa, los cuales, son regulados por genes específicos cuya principal función es contrarrestar el daño por salinidad. Es necesaria la variabilidad genética en los cultivos para que se presenten genotipos tolerantes al estrés. Una de las estrategias que se puede emplear para encontrar tolerancia es la combinación de mutagénesis y cultivo de tejidos vegetales, ya que se producen miles de plantas en espacios reducidos y periodos cortos, además, con el uso de agentes selectivos como el NaCl pueden obtenerse plantas tolerantes a salinidad. La presente revisión abordará tópicos relacionados con el cultivo de tejidos vegetales, la mutagénesis inducida y la combinación de ambos como estrategias para obtención de plantas tolerantes a salinidad de interés agrícola.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Andrés Adrián Urias-Salazar, Wilberth Alfredo Poot-Poot, Benjamín Abraham Ayil-Gutiérrez, Rafael Delgado-Martínez, José Hugo Tomas Silva-Espinosa, Ma. Teresa De Jesús Segura-Martínez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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