Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias: A Clinical and Molecular Approach

Abstract

Hereditary hemolytic anemia comprises a group of genetic disorders characterized by premature red blood cell destruction, leading to anemia, jaundice, and systemic complications. These conditions are classified into membranopathies, enzymopathies, and hemoglobinopathies, with variable pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical presentations. The objective of this review was to summarize recent evidence on the clinical and molecular approach to hereditary hemolytic anemias. A narrative literature review published between 2020 and 2025 was conducted using recognized electronic databases. The findings indicate that diagnosis requires the integration of hematologic, biochemical, and genetic studies, with next-generation sequencing playing a key role in mutation identification and clinical management. Treatment includes supportive care and disease-specific therapies, with emerging strategies such as gene therapy. A comprehensive approach improves diagnosis and prognosis.

Recibido: 13/08/2024

Aprobado: 09/04/2026