Alcances diagnósticos y aplicaciones de la espectrometría de masas MALDI en medicina

Erick Ramírez Muro; Edson Iván González Martínez; Ana Rivas Sordo; Oscar Arturo Bustos Roque; Rusland Enrique Torres Orozco

doi:10.33064/59lm20257547

Authors

Erick Ramírez Muro Universidad Cuauhtémoc plantel Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9700-2595
Edson Iván González Martínez Universidad Cuauhtémoc plantel Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6471-1890
Ana Rivas Sordo Universidad Cuauhtémoc plantel Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3894-1548
Oscar Arturo Bustos Roque Universidad Cuauhtémoc plantel Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8202-6576
Rusland Enrique Torres Orozco Universidad Cuauhtémoc plantel Aguascalientes https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0131-3342

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33064/59lm20257547

Keywords:

Mass spectrometry, MALDI, Time of flight, Diagnostic tests, Biomarkers

Abstract

Introduction: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has emerged as a cutting-edge tool in the medical field. Currently, its main clinical application is in microbiology; however, its ability to generate detailed molecular profiles suggests an imminent potential for broader clinical applications. Objective: This narrative review aims to provide an updated perspective on the diagnostic capabilities and applications of MALDI-MS in medicine. Methods: This narrative review was based on a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar (2017-2024). Article selection was based on relevance and methodological quality. Results: MALDI-TOF has revolutionized microbial identification, surpassing conventional methods in speed and accuracy, while also detecting antimicrobial resistance patterns. In oncology, it has demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional methods in ovarian cancer (77% and 72%) and lung cancer (92.9% and 91.7%). In non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, it allows the detection of fetal DNA with 99.66% accuracy in trisomy 21. Additionally, in neurodegenerative diseases, it has identified biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, detecting tau protein concentrations 20 times higher than ELISA, solidifying its potential in personalized medicine. Conclusion: Advances in proteomics and mass spectrometry have improved medical diagnostics by offering greater precision and speed compared to conventional methods. Its continuous development will strengthen precision medicine, but its implementation requires protocol standardization and ongoing research to ensure reproducible and reliable results.

Recepción: 31/12/2024

Aprobación: 30/06/2025

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