Revisión: Genes de radio resistencia en cáncer cérvico-uterino localmente avanzado

Abstract

Radiotherapy is the cornerstone of advanced cervical cancer treatment. Currently, the global consensus for the standard treatment of locally advanced stages is the association of concomitant radiotherapy with platinum-based chemotherapy. It has been shown that the expression of some genes within the cervical cancer cell populations, contributes to the lack of response to chemo-radiotherapy treatment in patients with similar risk factors at the time of diagnosis. This group of genes has been called radio-resistance or chemo-resistance genes. These genes include those related to the promotion of undifferentiated cell growth, escape from the cell cycle restriction points, and those related to apoptosis alterations. The genes that have aroused the greatest interest so far as potential radio-resistance markers are: Bcl-2, Lgals, iASPP, Np73, XCRR5, HIF-1α, IGF1, IGF-1R, Bak LDHA, and EIF4A1. However, among these mechanisms, there are other genes capable of generating radio-sensitivity, such as RBP1 and ALDH1. The latter can generate chemo-resistance. In this work, we review the available evidence in the literature to know the mechanisms through which these genes act and how they could be markers that help plan a correct therapeutic strategy, to improve the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. LUX MÉDICA AÑO 15, NÚMERO 43, ENERO-ABRIL 2020. PP 35-47.