Prevalencia de malformaciones congénitas en recién nacidos de madres que residen en el estado de Aguascalientes. Perspectiva de los últimos 10 años

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital anomalies (CA) are structural, morphological, functional defects of one or more organs or larger areas of the organism. The WHO estimates an international prevalence of 3-5%. National numbers from 2010 place Aguascalientes at the highest rate of CA (187/10,000 births). Objective: To determine the prevalence of CA in newborns of mothers living in the state of Aguascalientes. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Universe: live newborns from 22 to 42 gestation weeks and/or weighing greater than or equal to 500 gr with diagnoses of one or more CA registered in the birth certificate between January 2008 - December 2017. Results: 267,489 live births were registered. The prevalence of Ca was 2.1% (5595), with a rate of 209.1/10,000 live births. The musculoskeletal system was the most affected (39.3%). Individually, the undescended testicle was the most frequent CA (14.2%). The prevalence of CA by municipality of residence showed a statistically significant association (p <0.01), with Llano (2.9%) and Aguascalientes (2.4%) having the most CA.  Conclusion: Prevalence of CA was lower than the international standards of 3% but higher than the national reports of 0.7%. The system most affected by CA was similar to previous national reports. The results should be cautiously interpreted since there could be a possible under-registration in the birth certificate system, however, it is the instrument recognized by INEGI to establish the rates of perinatal events. LUXMÉDICA AÑO 15, NÚMERO 43, ENERO-ABRIL 2020, PP

Keywords: congenital anomalies, reproductive health, environmental health